Category: Cold War

Russian and modern war history book – “Russian Hybrid Warfare” (Oxford University Press, 2018) – Ofer Fridman interview

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Ofer Fridman is an academic who has studied Russian military thinking for many years. We discussed his latest book on the concept of Russian Hybrid Warfare.

1:45 – Ofer talks about how he got into studying this topic of Hybrid Warfare. He found that Russia and the West saw hybrid warfare in two different ways.

7:39 – The term hybrid warfare is relatively new, maybe ten years old. The word is new but the phenomena is not.

10:02 – Ofer doesn’t like the term the term hybrid warfare. Three different concepts fall uner the term hybrid warfare.

12:20 – Partisans used to have access to the same weapons the armies had. But now the technology used by each is very different.

17:10 – In WWII, Russian partisans were fighting in different spaces than the regular Army.

20:35 – Ofer talks about the problem with the term in that it covers everything and thus nothing.

24:00 – War is a very definite concept. To call economic sanctions a war helps with politics but it confuses people as far as what a military can do.

25:45 – Ofer discusses the Ukraine example.

32:20 – Ofer talks about how he did his research.

34:30 – Russians believe they lost the Cold War in a very non-military way. The best students of the last war are those who were defeated but not conquered as the Russians experienced and the Germans after WWI.

40:30 – Ofer discusses a funny story about an early NATO documentary on hybrid warfare.

43:00 – Ofer discusses an interesting person named Yevgeny Messner. He was born in the late 19th century and did a lot of research on military matters. He was a Russian who fought the communists and then joined the Nazis in WWII. He then escaped to Argentina. Ofer talks about how his writings led to formal thinking about hybrid warfare.

50:30 – The purpose of war has become an undermining the adversary’s society since nuclear war has limited other military options.

58:07 – Putin is very clear as to what he plans to do. The West seems to miss his messages.

1:03:46 – Russians have their own version of Clausewitz. Western analysis of Russia often doesn’t look before the Soviet Union. The Russians have three ways of thinking about war. Soviet, Russian Imperial and Russian exiles way of thinking. Many Westerners are unaware of lots of this writing.

1:08:55 – He has a page on academia.edu.

For more “Military History Inside Out” please follow me on Facebook at warscholar, on twitter at Warscholar, on youtube at warscholar1945 and on Instagram @crisalvarezswarscholar

Guests: Ofer Fridman

Host: Cris Alvarez

Tags: military, history, military history, conflict, war, interview, non-fiction book, hybrid warfare, Russia, the West, Ukraine, 2014, WWII, partisans, Hoffman, Cold War, Russian Revolution

Cold War and modern naval history book – “U.S. Submarines Since 1945, Revised Edition” (Naval Institute Press, 2018) – Norman Friedman interview

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This is my second interview with naval historian Norman Friedman. He’s written extensively on US and British naval forces and in this episode I spoke to him about his latest book, a revised edition of his book on US submarines since 1945.

2:05 – Norman first talks about why he wrote on submarines.

3:45 – Since the end of the Cold War, the US has dealt more with rogue states and subs aren’t engaged much in that. However, subs are good at collecting intelligence and moving special forces.

6:33 – Submarines have installed much stronger computers to process information.

9:30 – We discuss computer systems aboard submarines.

11:51 – We talk about how German experiences in WWII affected how the US approached subs.

13:30 – The Navy had heavy bombing aircraft originally to bomb enemy sub bases.

16:37 – The US was trying many different engines before designing nuclear propulsion.

20:05 – Norman talks about the Scorpion accident. He also talks about the Thresher accident.

25:00 – Some sub related documents disappear because of the sheer amount of documents out there.

30:45 – Norman talks about sub deep-sea operations.

41:36 – In the book, Norman also talks about why things were used or changed on the subs.

51:15 – The conference in the 1950s to build a new kind of sub was unique.

 

For more “Military History Inside Out” please follow me on Facebook at warscholar, on twitter at Warscholar, on youtube at warscholar1945 and on Instagram @crisalvarezswarscholar

Guests: Norman Friedman

Host: Cris Alvarez

Tags: military, history, military history, conflict, war, interview, non-fiction book, US, Navy, submarines, British Navy, Scorpion, Thresher, attack subs, WWII, world war two

Cold War history book – “Sovereign Soldiers” (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2018) – Grant Madsen interview

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Dr. Grant Madsen has long been interested in history and this led him to earn a PhD in History. Sovereign Soldiers is his first book and explains how the US military transformed the global economy with the economic policies it applied to the occupation of Germany and Japan after WWII.

2:03 – Dr. Madsen talks about how he got into studying and writing about history. He grew up with historians and he felt he made sense of the world historically. He decided to get a PhD in history and the book stems from his dissertation research.

5:10 – Dr. Madsen talks about the details of the book. After WWII, the US military men found that they needed to understand how to run the economies of Germany and Japan. Joseph Dodge was instructed to fix the economy of Japan.

7:28 – There is agreement that these military leaders succeeded in developing the occupied territories and helped the economy of the West. Dr. Madsen examined economic theories and practice in his research.

9:43 – Economic stability seemed to be the key to success. Dr. Madsen feels there was no Keynesian approach to how these economies were developed.

12:03 – The military had economic policies in place as soon as the occupation periods started. These policies were based on New Deal policies but disappeared over the time of the occupations. Germany had cartels and Japan had zaibatsus which had to be worked with to develop these economies.

15:28 – The military dropped its military economic policies quickly in Germany and used a new approach to build that economy. Japan took a little longer to develop.

17:24 – Though the US held all military power in Japan and Germany, it wasn’t useful in imposing US economic will. Clay in Germany and MacArthur in Japan had to be careful on how they used their military power.

20:48 – About 1947, the US military was focused on making Japan and Germany capable of helping to resist the Soviets.

22:46 – There was a fight between State and Defense on who would pay for the occupations. The military was stuck with the bill. Many military leaders didn’t want to be blamed for failure in the occupations since they didn’t think they would succeed. They didn’t want to look bad like it had in earlier decades.

26:06 – In 1947-48, the US strategically decided to make Germany and Japan perimeter defenders against the Soviets. The initial plan was to jointly control Germany with four nations to create worldwide peace and cooperation, but by 1947, Germany became a country that would be a perimeter. Military bases became a way to funnel US money into Germany and Japan.

30:38 – The book starts with the Spanish-American War where the US begins controlling other territories. The US had governance issues when they planned to stay in places only temporarily. The book first focuses mainly on the Philippines during the early occupation. The middle chapters talk about Germany and Japan. The final chapters focus on Eisenhower’s military-economic focus.

35:41 – Joseph Dodge left many useful historical papers to the Detroit Public Library. Mr. Madsen also used the various Presidential libraries for his research. The Eisenhower address took on a different tone as he did his research.

40:36 – One question Dr. Madsen had was how were US leaders using the word democracy. He decided that the word was a stand in for the term economic policy.

43:44 – It’s around WWI that countries realize that military power and industrial economy became strongly linked. Eisenhower jumped up in the ranks quickly because he understood combined arms and industrial conversion of a peacetime economy to a wartime economy.

47:19 – Right after the war, the US and the Soviets discussed what economic system they would impose on Germany. The Soviets planned to just let the Germans starve and had no plan for an economic system there. By 1947, the Soviets imposed communism since they saw they had to grow East Germany to counter the West.

51:28 – In 1950, the Japanese economy was struggling and an anti-American Prime Minister was elected. This was when the US changed course in Japan.

53:11 – Dr. Madsen hopes that the book changes how historians discuss the post war period. Peacekeeping operations are much more common than wartime operations so this is an important subject to study in regards to war and the history of military nation building and peacekeeping.

59:21 – His website is grantmadsen.net.

Links of interest

Grantmadsen.net

For more “Military History Inside Out” please follow me on Facebook at warscholar, on twitter at Warscholar, on youtube at warscholar1945 and on Instagram @crisalvarezswarscholar

Guests: Grant Madsen

Host: Cris Alvarez

Tags: military, history, military history, conflict, war, interview, non-fiction book, spanish-american war, Philippines, Germany, Japan, MacArthur, Eisenhower, Soviet Union, economy, military-industrial complex, Keynesian